A major finding of the new study was the discovery of a novel DNA mutation in the c-Myb gene. This gene has been previously linked to a number of different cancer types.
"We've shown that blood stem cells with this genetic mutation behave the same way as those present in human bone marrow diseases, including diseases that can evolve into leukaemia," said Dr Papathanasiou, who is also affiliated with the Australian Phenomics Facility at ANU.
"By understanding more about the genetic blueprint of these kinds of disorders, we can start to develop new ways of targeting diseases," Dr Perkins said. "Currently, there is no treatment for this group of blood diseases, but the discovery of this mutation provides new avenues for investigation."
As a result of the screening project, the researchers have also identified five other abnormal blood stem cell profiles, adding to understanding of the genetic diversity of blood cells. The project has also led to a better understanding of how blood cells develop and how this process becomes corrupted.
"Given that the same genes that operate in stem cells also function in cancer cells – albeit with genetic mutation – this research also has potential implications for regenerative medicine, by understanding how to stimulate the growth of new blood cells," Dr Papathanasiou said.
The project was the first in the world to mutate the mammalian genome in a specific search for novel genetic regulators of stem cells.
The work was made possible by grants from the National Health & Medical Research Council, the Leukaemia Foundation, and by the Australian Government's National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy to establish the Australian Phenomics Network.
The findings are published in the American Society of Hematology journal, Blood.